Although there are a number of differences between Judaism and Islam, yet all these differences seem to emanate from one major and basic difference. The most important and the most significant difference between the two religions, which also provides the basis for all the other differences between the two creeds is the prophethood of Muhammad (pbuh). The Muslims, as is well known, hold Muhammad (pbuh) to be the true and the last prophet of God. The Jews do not. Although, apparently it may seem to be a difference relating to one of the beliefs only. However, for a person, who is aware of the position of a prophet of God, it is quite easily comprehensible that this difference results in a difference of foundation upon which the two buildings of Judaism and Islam are built. It actually implies that the two religions are based on the teachings brought to us by two different persons. For a Muslim, the teachings brought by Muhammad (pbuh) are actually the final revelation of the Almighty, which every person must follow to earn eternal salvation. Any person, who rejects the prophethood of Muhammad (pbuh), even after being convinced of his truthfulness is bound to fall in the eternal fires of hell. On the contrary, for a Jew, it is primarily the teachings of Moses (pbuh), which need to be followed for the eternal success in the hereafter.

All the similarities between Judaism and Islam are only because of the fact that both religions are based on the teachings of two prophets of the same God. For a Muslim mind, these similarities are in those cases, regarding which God decided not to alter His previous directives or which had maintained their form in the Torah. Any differences brought about through Muhammad (pbuh) are perceived by the Muslim mind as either a change, due to some reason, in the original directive or a correction of a mistake that - intentionally or unintentionally - had taken place in the transmission of a directive in the Torah. On the other hand, for a Jewish mind, because of their stance regarding the prophethood of Muhammad (pbuh), the similarities between the two creeds are ascribed to Muhammad (pbuh)'s plagiarizing the previous scriptures, while the differences are ascribed to his deviation from those scriptures.

Whatever the reason for these similarities and differences, the fact is that all the difference between the two creeds are, in fact, based on the belief regarding the prophethood of Muhammad (pbuh).